Materials

A wide variety of types of radiation occur in nature, such as infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, radiofrequency radiation, low-frequency and static electric and magnetic fields, and ionising radiation. Radioactive substances and X-ray equipment emit ionising radiation. Types of ionising radiation There are five types of ionising radiation to which humans are exposed. Three of these - alpha, beta and gamma radiation - come from natural or artificial radioactive substances; the fourth [...]

Radioactivity can be both natural and artificial. While radioactivity plays an important role in science, medicine and energy production, it is important to be aware of the potential risks it can pose to human health and the environment. What is radioactivity? Radioactivity is the ability of a substance to emit radioactive radiation when its nuclei decay naturally. This means that radioactive material changes over time, releasing [...]

Radiation monitoring allows us to continuously monitor the levels of radioactivity and assess its effects so that we can make informed decisions to ensure the protection of both human health and the environment. Radiation monitoring in the environment It is also important to monitor radionuclide concentrations and behaviour in the water, air and food chains surrounding the former Paldiski nuclear site to ensure the protection of the environment and the general public. The design of the radiation monitoring programme [...]

A lot of preparatory work on nuclear waste is already done at the planning stage to ensure human safety, environmental protection and the suitability of the disposal site. Close cooperation with international specialists to find the best solutions for nuclear waste management is also essential. What is nuclear waste? Nuclear waste is radioactive waste resulting from the use of nuclear fuel. Nuclear fuel is mainly used in places where nuclear energy is produced or used, e.g. in nuclear power plants or nuclear [...]

Nuclear power plants are an essential part of modern electricity generation and state-of-the-art technology, but require meticulous planning and operation. In the 1970s, nuclear power plants spread rapidly in Europe, North America and Japan. Following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, safety requirements for nuclear reactors were strengthened. Since the 2000s, new nuclear reactors have been built with modern, higher-safety technologies, while nuclear power remains an important source of stable electricity worldwide. Currently, [...]